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  • 温爷爷必须警惕

    2008-06-24

    [2008.06.12]Why Grandpa Wen has to care温爷爷必须警惕

    Populist politics in China

    Why Grandpa Wen has to care
    温爷爷必须警惕
    Jun 12th 2008 | BEIJING
    From The Economist print edition

    Despite not having to face elections, China's Communist Party wants to be liked. Nothing wrong with that: but populism does bring some dangers
    尽管不必面对选举，中共还是想被爱戴。这没错：但是民粹主义确实带来一些危险


                                                                                              Reuters


    HE SCRAMBLES through earthquake debris, he weeps, he hugs children. If China's Communist Party allowed popularity polls, the prime minister, Wen Jiabao, would probably do better than any politician since the days Red Guard fanatics swarmed to Tiananmen Square for a glimpse of their idol, Mao Zedong. Some who suffered in last month's disastrous earthquake in Sichuan grumble, but party leaders are making political gains.

    他在地震废墟中爬上爬下，他流泪，他拥抱孩子。如果中共允许民意测验，温家宝可能是自毛泽东之后最受欢迎的执政官员,想当年那些狂热的红卫兵蜂拥至天安门广场，就为一睹偶像毛泽东的尊荣。上个月发生在四川大地震造成了重大损失，一些灾民开始抱怨，但是党的领导人们却在忙着捞取政治收益。

    The cult of “Grandpa” Wen has been helped along by the kind of media-manipulation skills honed in Mao's day. State television broadcasts endless footage of him in the earthquake zone, wearing trainers, ordering troops through a megaphone and comforting victims. But Mr Wen has shown some of the public-relations flair of Western politicians too: calling an impromptu news conference amid swirling helicopters and inviting foreign reporters, who normally have just one chance a year to quiz him, to shout out questions.

    毛时期发展起来的那种媒体操控技巧对崇拜“温爷爷”起了推波助澜的作用。国家电视台不断的播放他在震区的镜头：脚上穿着运动鞋，用扩音器命令部队并安抚受害者。但是温也同样表现出了西方政客所具有的公关本领：在盘旋的直升飞机中召开即席的新闻发布会并邀请外国记者，那些记者通常一年才有一次向他发问的机会。

    The state-controlled press has even enthused about Mr Wen's following on Facebook, a social-networking internet site based in America. Xinhua, the news agency, said a page claiming to be his (its real authorship is unknown) showed him the sixth-most-popular politician listed. At the time of going to press Mr Wen was the only non-American among the top ten.

    国家控制的出版物对温先生出现在Facebook上兴致盎然，Facebook是美国的一个社交网站。新华社说，据称是他的一个主页（原作者不知是谁）在最受欢迎的政治名人列表里名列第六。截至发稿前，温是前十名中唯一一位美国以外的政治名人。

    Mr Wen has always delighted in an officially fostered man-of-the-people image. In January he was shown on state television apologising (an act that Chinese leaders usually abhor) to victims of snow-storms that paralysed large areas of the south. Chairman Mao's radical colleagues, if not Mao himself, envied the popularity of the then prime minister, Zhou Enlai, and made Zhou suffer for it. But the present party leader and president, Hu Jintao, has shown no sign of resenting Mr Wen, whose standing is more likely to strengthen the party's grip on power than challenge anyone's authority.

    温一直乐于在公众面前塑造一副亲民的形象。1月份，中央电视台播出了他就冰雪灾害向受害者道歉（中国领导人通常憎恶的一种举动），那场雪灾使南方大部分地区陷入瘫痪。毛主席的激进幕僚抑或是毛本人就因为当时的总来周恩来深受爱戴而心存嫉妒，因而对其百般刁难。但是现在党的领导人兼国家主席胡锦涛没有对温表示出丝毫怨恨，温的立场更倾向于加强党对权力的掌控而不是挑战他人权威。

    The party needs all the support it can get. Inflation is causing widespread public anxiety. Urban and rural protests have been increasing in recent years, fuelled by official wrongdoing such as corruption and land grabs. Parents of children killed in Sichuan when their shoddily built schools collapsed in the earthquake have been denouncing local officialdom, which has responded by trying to silence them.

    共产党要竭尽所能获取最广泛的支持。通货膨胀正在导致大面积的忧虑。近些年来发生在城市和乡村的抗议一直有增无减，官方的胡作非为（例如腐败和征地）更是火上浇油。四川地震中那些豆腐渣工程学校发生垮塌，遇难孩子们的父母一直在谴责地方的官僚，官僚们的反应是让这些家长闭嘴。

    But some Chinese worry that the party's efforts to boost its standing among the downtrodden, as well as to pander to rising nationalism, reflect a trend towards populism. The party was quick to side with nationalists who lashed out at the West in the wake of unrest in Tibetan areas in March. To its relief the earthquake helped defuse some of this anger, which was threatening to overshadow the Beijing Olympics in August. But the party still bends in the wind. Late last month officials agreed that Japanese military aircraft would bring relief materials to Sichuan. China changed its mind after vituperative outbursts online by nationalists, still angry with Japan for its occupation of China in the 1930s and 1940s. The material was sent by civilian aircraft instead.

    中共努力推进的同情弱势群体的立场（就像它纵容民族主义那样）反应了一种向民粹主义迈步的趋向，这让一些中国人忧心忡忡。中国的民族主义者因为3月份的西藏动乱而对西方高声抨击，中共很快站到了民族主义者的阵营。西方很愤怒，以至他们发出抵制8月奥运会的威胁，而地震则部分的化解了这种怒火从而让中共松了口气。但是中共仍然屈从民意。上个月晚些时候中共官员同意了装载救援物资的日本军用飞机入川。但中国又改变了（让日本军用飞机进入的）主意，原因是愤青们还对上世纪三、四十年代日本占领中国感到怒不可遏，在网上漫天叫骂。于是救援物资改为由民用飞机运送。

    In recent weeks some Chinese intellectuals as well as official newspapers have engaged in heated debate about the dangers of populism. In April China Youth Daily, a Beijing newspaper, published an article describing China's internet-savvy nationalists as “online Red Guards” infected by a “populist virus”. This virus, it said, had had a serious impact on China's intelligentsia. Common symptoms, it said, included anti-Western, anti-democratic, anti-reform and anti-market thinking along with a love of Mao, the former Soviet Union and today's Russia. In countries with poorly developed market economies and undemocratic systems, it noted, populism was more likely to act like “dynamite”. Its explosion could produce “despots or violent upheaval”.

    最近几周，中国知识分子还有官方报纸就民粹主义的危险性展开激辩。4月份，北京的《中国青年报》发表了一篇文章，文章把互联网上的民族主义者称为感染了“民粹主义病毒”的“网上红卫兵”。文中说这个病毒曾经对中国知识界产生过重大影响。该文又说民粹主义共同的症状包括反西方、反民主、反改革、反市场的思维，同时夹杂着对毛泽东、前苏联和今天俄罗斯的热爱。该文还说，在市场经济欠发达和不民主的体制里，民粹主义的作用更像“炸药”，它的爆炸会产生“暴君或者暴力运动”。

    The author was Wu Jiaxiang, a researcher in a pro-reform think-tank with close links to the government. Mr Wu, ironically, writes admiringly on his blog of Wen Jiabao's common touch. In the 1980s he accompanied Mr Wen, then in charge of the party Central Committee's day-to-day work, on a provincial trip. Even then Mr Wen ate simply and wore an army greatcoat, which Mr Wu noticed years later on television he was still wearing.

    文章作者是吴稼祥，原改革智库的一名研究员，他和政府联系密切。具有讽刺意味的是，吴在他的博客里对温家宝的亲民之举钦佩不已。    上世纪八十年代他曾在一次某省考察任务中跟随温，后来温负责党内中央委员会的日常工作。即使是在那时温吃的也很简单，穿一件军大衣—多年以后吴在电视上看到他还一直穿着。

    However, in an interview, Mr Wu worried that some recent developments in China suggested a populist lurch. They include a labour-contract law that came into effect on January 1st and which many employers fear could make it much harder to fire underperforming workers. He also noted the promotion in March of several descendants of revolutionary elders (including one of Mao's grandsons) to positions as advisers to the legislature. On June 10th an article in Study Times, a pro-reform newspaper published by the party's training centre for senior officials, gave warning that “populist” measures to narrow the country's growing gap between China's rich and poor could damage its economic performance.

    但是在一次会谈时吴表示了他的担忧：中国近期的发展显示了中国迈向民粹的可能性。今年1月1日起施行的《劳动合同法》就是一个证明：很多雇主担心这使得解雇表现不佳员工变得越发困难。他也提到了3月份时提拔了几个老革命（包括毛泽东的孙子）的后代担任立法顾问等职位的事。6月10号，原改革派的《学习时报》发表了由中央党校撰写的文章，该文警告说，用“民粹主义”的办法来缩小中国贫富分化会损害其经济成果。

    No one in China describes himself as a populist, but many rail against populism's critics. China Youth Daily has aired the views of both camps. On June 3rd it published an article that spoke of “antagonism increasing by the day between the masses and China's elite” (meaning, apparently, the intelligentsia). The author raised the case of “Runaway Fan”, a teacher in the earthquake zone now notorious for fleeing a school building ahead of his pupils. Were the “elite”, like Mr Fan, the author asked, paying too much attention to themselves and not enough to the masses?

    在中国没人承认自己是民粹主义者，但是很多人痛骂那些批评民粹主义的人。《中国青年报》展示了这两个阵营的观点。6月3号，该报发表了一篇文章，探讨了“大众和精英（精英很明显指知识分子圈）的对抗在增加”。作者提到了“范跑跑”事件，范是震区的一名教师，因为地震时抢在学生前面跑出教学楼而臭名昭著。作者问道，精英（如果范泡泡算精英的话）是不是考虑自己太多了,考虑大众太少了？

    China's leaders certainly do pay them attention. The Sichuan earthquake has created millions of potential malcontents. Mr Wen's efforts have impressed many for now. But it will take sustained efforts and huge spending over many years to keep them satisfied. To ease the agony of the thousands who have lost the only children government policy allowed them to bear, doctors are to provide free treatment to reverse sterilisation procedures. A little populism can be a mercy.

    中国的领导人当然关心大众。四川地震已经造成了数百万潜在的不满者。目前看来温的努力让很多人印象深刻。但是需要持续多年的不懈努力和巨大经费投入才能让灾民满意。为了让数千失去独子的父母减少痛苦，政府已出台政策允许他们再生个孩子，医生们免费为做过绝育手术的人做回复治疗。少许的民粹主义可以起到怜恤的作用。

    随机文章：

    社会家 2008-01-07
    群体行为 2007-08-14

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    发表于14:41 | 编辑 | 继续话题 | 转发 | 分享　0

    评论

  • 写的是个p啊
    拉拉 | 发表于2009-05-08 20:59:46 [回复]
  • 挺中肯的
    newone | 发表于2008-11-21 10:54:00 [回复]
  • 温总理之所以得到拥护，不是得益于政治上的谋利和媒体的渲染，而是来源于他自身散发出来的强烈的人格魅力，耀眼的道德力量和作为一名政治家出色的执政能力。这在中国，在周恩来时代结束以后是罕见的。国内人民对温的普遍支持和崇敬不但是对温总理本身的肯定，更表达出了众人对于国内执政党的衡量标准和期许。从某种意义上讲，他给我们带来了无比强烈的信心和信任。
    请国内外的评论人士还要相信并且承认：抛去了意识形态问题和体制问题，CP在过去的五十多年中，尤其是以邓小平时代为开端，给中华民族带来一个前所未有的繁盛的时代，她领导下的中国，给世界带来了一个在繁荣时期可以合作的伙伴和一个在危机时刻可以信任的朋友。她在在完成一份前人从不曾企及的艰难工作。请大家对这样一个政党公正客观全面地予以评价。其次，请国外的友人注意，中国正在自我完善，中国人普遍的政治素质也在提高，再也不会有疯狂的RED GAURD时代的盲目崇拜了，因为今天参与评价中国政治家的中国人，已经满满学会怎样用自己的眼自己的心和自己的脑做出他们的决议。
    杉杉 | 发表于2008-11-16 15:06:38 [回复]
  • 这写的是什么啊。。。
    imaa | 发表于2008-10-17 09:48:18 [回复]
  • 西方的观点总是让人啼笑皆非 比如不让日本用军用飞机运输的问题 我认为这其实完全是为了中日关系 你难道想让趋于缓和的中日关系因为历史问题一再被引出么？难道让日本飞机飞在重庆上空 飞在四川上空 飞在中国上空不会引发全体国人对历史的痛苦回忆么？

    对于反对***也根本不是屈从民意。 开玩笑吧？如果美国的一个州要分裂出去老百姓都反对而政府屈从民意也开始反对？！颠倒了吧？！

    而且日本的救援的评论也有问题 很多老百姓（网友）是因为看到了救援队的做法和日本本国民众对中国地震的关心才有所改善对日看法的 对于军用飞机的问题上面也说过了 不再说了
    123456 | 发表于2008-07-11 11:56:41 [回复]
  • 居然还有人说中肯？

    就拿西藏事件来说，我们并不是批评西方媒体的报道，而是他们的歪曲事实！

    抵制奥运，是出于某些国家的妒忌，他们“愤怒”什么？我们都还没愤怒呢！

    日本的救援，原因是中日的关系走向缓和，并不是什么“屈从民意” 不同意军机送派，是考虑到四川是军事重地！

    尽管劳动法，并不完善，但是也进一步的维护了劳动者权益，ECONOMIST凭什么说这是民粹主义？他究竟知不知道什么是民粹主义？
    理智的人 | 发表于2008-07-07 23:49:50 [回复]
  • 事实上网上仍然有很多人攻击C.P
    文中所说的民粹主义被巨大数量的腐败官员掩盖了，大多数人看不到C.P的作为和功绩。当然，任何一个政党都有局限性
    zldar | 发表于2008-06-27 10:50:13 [回复]
  • 如果劳动法是民粹，那我们将毫不犹豫地走向民粹
    c | 发表于2008-06-26 12:16:33 [回复]
  • 范忠美事件,经互连网传播,引起广泛的争议,他直接冲击了传统的道德误区.从两个方面,对社会提出了疑问,那就是:
    1.个人的生存权和自由选择权的价值，是否应当奉行择优的原则，（而这恰恰是中国传统伦理中所没有的概念,）促进对社会底线道德的哲学思考
    2.社会权力的边界,也就是职业制度到底应该建立在什么前提下,能否再用传统伦理一贯到底,彻底压缩自由的生存空间？
    显然时代在进步.自由应当扩展生存的空间,应当把职业制度乃至职业道德,建立在一个恰当的位置,让自由和权力都有所限制.让双向选择建立在平等互惠互利的"契约"(职业制度)之上,让责任,义务和权利对自由和权力双方都有所妥协.尤其是宽容的权力和有限的自由,在现代社会中尤其稀缺,应当得到整个社会的关注.
    自由职业者 | 发表于2008-06-26 03:38:50 [回复]
  • 比较中肯，温做的不错，但媒体报道得太过了
    庞贝城亡灵 | 发表于2008-06-25 13:46:43 [回复]
  • 强大的民意推动了一些事情（范跑跑）
    强大的民意无可奈何一些事情（华南虎照）
    weib | 发表于2008-06-25 13:15:01 [回复]
  • 温爷爷为何必须关怀
    imac | 发表于2008-06-24 17:13:55 [回复]